Genetic characterization of varicella-zoster virus in people aged 20 years and under in Yichang City of Hubei Province, 2019-2020 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the genetic characteristics of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in people aged 20 years and under in Yichang City of Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020. Methods: Based on the Yichang Health Big Data Platform, we investigated cases 20 and under clinically diagnosed as herpes zoster in three hospitals from March 2019 to September 2020. Collecting vesicle fluid and throat swab samples of the cases and completing questionnaires to obtain basic information. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used for positive identification of the virus. PCR amplification of VZV's open reading frame (ORF) and sequencing of the products to determine the VZV genotype. Analyze mutations at some specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites. Results: Among 46 cases of herpes zoster, the male to female ratio was 1.3∶1 (26∶20) and the age ranged from 7 to 20 years old. Fifteen cases had been vaccinated against varicella, including 13 and 2 cases of 1 and 2 doses, respectively. VZV strains were detected in 34 samples (73.91%), all belonging to Clade 2. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the nucleotide of ORF22 showed, compared with Clade 2 referenced strains, the sequence matching degree of nucleotide for all 34 samples was 99.0% to 100.0%. Conclusion: The main VZV strain causing herpes zoster in people aged 20 years and under in Yichang from 2019 to 2020 was Clade 2.

Research progress on drug resistance of anti-varicella-zoster virus drugs / 中华预防医学杂志

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox when it first infects humans, and the virus may reactivate in adulthood and cause herpes zoster (HZ). Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are one of the treatments for varicella and herpes zoster, but the emergence of drug resistance poses many challenges to this treatment and increases the burden of disease on patients. This paper discusses the resistance mechanisms, resistance sites and resistance detection methods of anti-VZV drugs in order to help further research on new anti-VZV targets, new drugs and monitoring of resistance to existing drugs.

Clinical research progress of human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine / 中华预防医学杂志

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the main pathogen causing severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly, with high incidence rate and mortality worldwide. Vaccine is one of the important measure to prevent infection, transmission and severe disease of HRSV, but currently there is no officially approved preventive vaccine for prevention of HRSV in the world. This paper reviews and analyzes the current research and development progress of HRSV vaccine, summarizes the design routes of different types of HRSV preventive vaccines, and discusses the difficulties and challenges in vaccine research and development, in order to provide reference for the research and development of HRSV vaccine and the development of clinical trials.

Research progress on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly / 中华预防医学杂志

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is a serious threat to the population health. The elderly are one of the susceptible populations. The prevalence of HRSV in the elderly is generally higher than that in other age groups except children, which has gradually attracted attention in recent years. This paper reviewed the prevalence, common complications and major complications of HRSV in the elderly, briefly expounded the economic burden of HRSV infection, and proposed that attention should be paid to the disease burden of the elderly after HRSV infection, timely treat common complications, so as to reduce the occurrence of adverse survival outcomes and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of HRSV infection in the elderly.

Genetic characterization of human parainfluenza virus 3 circulating in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces from 2009 to 2011 / 病毒学报

To investigate the genetic characterization of Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) circulating in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces of China, 719 throat swabs were collected from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections from 2009-2011. Multiplex RT-PCR was used to screen common respiratory viral pathogens. For HPIV-3-positive specimens, nested RT-PCR was used to amplify the HN gene of HPIV-3. The nucleotides of Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase(HN)gene of 13 HPIV-3 positive strains identified in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces were successfully sequenced and compared with those downloaded from GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotides sequence of HN gene showed that 13 HPIV-3 strains belonged to sub-cluster C3 with little sequence variation (overall nucleotide divergence of 0.2%-2.3% and amino acid divergence at 0-1.1%). Compared with the complete gene of HPIV-3 strains from U.S.A., Canada, and Australia, the biggest divergence of the nucleotide and amino acid lovels was 6.0% and 3.4%, respectively. The nucleotide divergence between shaanxi09-2 and shaanxi10-H0091 was 0.9%, while the nucleotide divergence between shaanxi10-H005 and gansull-62110372 was 0.5%, between shaanxi09-2 and BJ/291/09 was 0.6%. However, there was no amino acid divergence among them. It is likely that HPIV-3 virus had been transmitting in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces for several years. Human parainfluenza virus-3 (HPIV-3) circulated in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces from 2009 to 2011 belonged to sub-cluster C3.

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of childhood acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and its products cytotoxin-associated protein (Cag A), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) in childhood acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (aITP), to evaluate the effect of Hp on their clinical outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects were enrolled according to case-control design, including 184 aITP children and 154 healthy controls. They were inquired for demographic characteristics, the risk factors regarding Hp infection and ITP through a uniformed questionnaire. Patients with Hp infection were diagnosed by combined detection of serum Hp antibodies and stool antigens. CagA and VacA proteins were tested by ELISA method. In addition, clinical data and follow-up data of aITP children were collected. Non-conditional logistic regression and t test were applied for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The prevalence of Hp infection in aITP children and controls were 41.30% and 35.71%, respectively. No association between Hp infection and children aITP was found with OR of 1.170 (95%CI: 0.7163 - 1.673) after adjusting for confounding variables. (2) No statistical differences regarding initial platelet counts, megakaryocytes counts and the constituent ratio were found between the aITP children with and without Hp infection (P > 0.05). (3) No differences regarding initial platelet counts were found between aITP children with and without the expression of CagA (P > 0.05). The follow-up data showed that 32.88% of aITP children with Hp infection, as well as 29.70% of aITP children without Hp infection developed into cITP. No association between Hp infection and development to cITP was found with adjusted OR 1.171 (95%CI: 0.555 - 2.11 2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results didn't suggest that Hp is unlikely to play a role in the onset of childhood aITP, and in the development of aITP to cITP.</p>

Transmission and prevalence patterns of C4a evolutionary lineage of human enterovirus 71 circulating in mainland China, 2008-2010 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the evolutionary relationship between the C4a evolutionary lineage of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) strains circulating in mainland of China during 2008-2010 and 2008 Fuyang strains and study the prevalence and transmission patterns of 2008 Fuyang strains.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Download all the complete VP1 ( > or = 891 bp) or approximate complete VP1 (> or = 876 bp) gene nucleotide sequences from GenBank of HEV71 strains circulating in Mainland of China during 2008-2010. And analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Fuyang strains and other provinces' strains using the MEGA software, version 5.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the HEV71 isolates circulating in Mainland of China during 2008-2010 were clustered into evolutionary lineage C4a except for eight strains grouped in the genotype A and one isolate belongs to evolutionary lineage C4b; the homology analysis showed there were 96.5%-100% identity between C4a viruses circulating in mainland China during 2008-2010 and 2008 Fuyang strains, and they were evolved from C4b viruses of 1998. The transmission chains of Fuyang strains were mainly transmitted in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hunan, Shandong provinces.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The predominant viruses circulating in Mainland of China during 2008-2010 were evolutionary lineage C4a of human Enterovirus 71; Fuyang transmission chains mainly distributed in southern of China and the Central China around Anhui provinces.</p>

Clinical efficacy of desmopressin in the treatment of mild hemophilia A in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of desmopressin (DDAVP) on coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in children with mild hemophilia A.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen children with mild hemophilia A were enrolled. DDAVP (0.3 μg/kg•d) was injected intravenously for 5 days. Plasma FⅧ levels and APTT were measured before and after DDAVP treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 16 of 18 children with mild hemophilia A, the bleeding symptoms, including the articular or musclar hematoma, were significantly alleviated as a result of DDAVP treatment. The plasma FⅧ levels increased significantly to (27±4)% and APTT was shortened to (66±10)s 60 minutes after the first dose of DDAVP treatment. The plasma FⅧ remained at the levels of 25%-30% during 3-4 days of DDAVP treatment. Five days after DDAVP treatment, the plasma FⅧ levels decreased [(21±3)%], and APTT was prolonged when compared with 1-4 days of DDAVP treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DDAVP treatment can increase plasma FⅧ levels and shorten APTT in children with mild hemophilia A. DDAVP is effective in the treatment of mild hemophilia A. The duration of DDAVP therapy for mild hemophilia A is recommended as 3 to 4 days.</p>

The study of human rhinovirus in infants with lower respiratory tract infections / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We want to explore the harm degree of human rhinovirus in infants in Beijing area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2008 to September 2009, 240 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children and infants who were hospitalized and with lower respiratory tract infections. These specimens were screened for HRV by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and statistically analysised.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In all of 240 hospitalized children, 208 cases were admission diagnosis of pneumonia, accounting for 86.67% (208/240), no deaths, the ratio of male and female patients was 1.93 : 1, and the collected samples reached to a maximum number in February 2009. Real-time PCR used to detect human rhinovirus, positive samples number is 71, positive rate is 29.58% (71/240), and the main symptoms and clinical diagnosis was pneumonia. Most cases were less than 2 years old, making up 81.69% (58/71), amony them, 13 months-18 months age and > or = 24 months groups have the highest incidence rates, the incidence rate is 33.33%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human rhinovirus happened in spring and winter seasons, especially the infants who were under 2 years are the main infection groups, the important symptoms are lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis et al. Human rhinovirus is seasonal and contagious, spreads fast, so protective measures in hospitals should be prepared to avoid cross-infection.</p>

Genetic characterization of measles virus caused the measles outbreak in Xinjiang / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic characterizations of wild type measles viruses caused the measles outbreak in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Vero/Slam cell were used for measles viruses isolation from the specimens collected from measles outbreaks patients. Fragment of 676 nucleotide acids of the carboxylend of nucleoprotein gene were amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and then the PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 450 nucleotide acids of the N-terminus of nucleoprotein gene, and homological analysis was performed at nucleotide acid level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>11 measles viruses were sequenced and all belonged to H1a subgenotype. The nucleotide difference was 0-0.2% between 11 Xinjiang isolates. And the nucleotide difference was 2.2%-2.4% between Xinjiang isolates and H1 genotype reference strain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Measles viruses causing the measles outbreak in Xinjiang were H1a subgenotype.</p>

Video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in esophageal carcinoma / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) esophagectomy in the treatment of esophageal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2004 to October 2007, video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy was performed in 36 patients, including 29 men and 7 women with median age of 58.9 years old. The cancer located at upper segment in 5 cases, middle 25 cases and lower 6 cases. VATS approach was used to mobilize the intrathoracic esophagus and stomach was mobilized by open approach. Esophagogastric anastomosis was performed in the left neck.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean operative time was 250 minutes (190-330 min) and average time of VATS was 70 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 8.7 days. Mean lymph node harvest was 14.3 nodes. Post-operative complications occurred in 11 patients(30.6%), but no perioperative death occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy is technically feasible and safe with lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay as compared to open procedure, and may replace the open esophagectomy in selected patients.</p>

Genetic characterization of Chinese rubella virus isolates from 2003 to 2007 / 病毒学报

57 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero cell line or Vero/SLAM cell line from patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics in 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007. Fragments of 1107 nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis based on 739 nucleotides showed that out of 57 Chinese rubella virus strains, 55 belong to a distinguish branch of 1E genotype when comparing with 1E genotype rubella strains from other countries, and the other 2 Chinese rubella virus strains belong to 2B genotype. Most of the nucleotide mutations of 57 rubella viruses were silent mutations, and the amino acid sequences were highly conserved. Except one amino acid change (Thr212 --> Ser212) in two rubella viruses at the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes, there had no change found at the important antigenic epitope sites of the other rubella viruses. 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated from 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007, and two imported 2B genotype rubella viruses from Vietnam suggested that 1E genotype was the predominant genotype in this period of time. The rubella virus genotypes circulated during 2003 to 2007 were different from that circulating during 1979 to 1984 and 1999 to 2002, the rubella prevailed in recent years was mainly caused by 1E genotype rubella viruses with multi-transmission routes.

Application of a simple method for the detection of measles virus genome by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A new simple RT-LAMP method was applied to detect measles virus nucleic acid and compared with nest-RT-PCR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Compare the detection rate of the RT-LAMP method with that of nest-RT-PCR by detecting measles virus nucleic acid from measles virus and clinical samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nucleic acid positive rates of all 23 strains of measles virus are all 100% by the two methods. But to the detection of 18 clinical samples which are negative in measles isolation, the nest-RT-LAMP showed 56.52% positive rate of nucleic acid of measles virus and nest-RT-PCR showed 47.83%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RT-LAMP is more sensitive than nest-RT-PCR.</p>

Genotype and gene charactrization of wild-type measles viruses circulated in Jilin Province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genotype and gene characterization of measles wild viruses circulated in Jilin provinces, and to provide scientific evidences for setting down controlling and preventing strategy and measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>38 strains of measles virus isolated in 2001-2006 were genotyped by RT-PCR-RFLP, some strains of measles virus in Jilin province were chosen for the phylogenetic analysis and for the homology analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 38 strains of measles virus were identified as H1 genotype by RT-PCR-RFLP, and 29 strains of them were identified further as H1 a by sequence analysis. The homology of nucleotide was 88.0%-89.4% and the homology of amino acid was 91.8%-92.7% .The average diversity was less than 1.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The measles virus of H1a genotype was the circulating virus within recent years in Jilin province. There were the same measles virus strains circulating and transmitting at different years and also the different H1a measles virus strains co-circulating at the same year. There were the same transmission chain caused by the same measles virus with other provinces.</p>

Human bocavirus in children suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection in Beijing Children's Hospital / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus recently found to possibly cause respiratory tract disease in children and adults. This study investigated HBoV infection and its clinical characteristics in children younger than five years of age suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection in Beijing Children's Hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infection during the winters of 2004 to 2006 (from November through the following February). HBoV was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification and virus isolation and the amplification products were sequenced for identification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HBoV infection was detected in 16 of 333 study subjects. Coinfections with respiratory syncytial virus were detected in 3 of 16 HBoV positive patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection. The median age for HBoV positive children was 8 months (mean age, 17 months; range, 3 to 57 months). Among the HBoV positive children, 14 were younger than 3 years old, 9 were younger than 1 year old and 7 were younger than 6 months. These 16 positive HBoV children exhibited coughing and abnormal chest radiography findings and more than 60% of these children had wheezing and fever. Ten children were clinically diagnosed with pneumonia, 2 bronchiolitis, 2 acute bronchitis and 2 asthma. One child died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBoV was detected in about 5% of children with acute lower respiratory infection seen in Beijing Children's Hospital. Further investigations regarding clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of HBoV infection are needed.</p>

The value of multislice spiral computed tomography in demonstrating the relationship between bronchus and peripheral lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in demonstrating the relationship between bronchus and peripheral lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We prospectively performed volumetric targeted scans of 0.5 mm collimation with MSCT and reconstructed images of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), curved multiplanar reformations (CMPR) and surface shaded display (SSD) in 53 peripheral lung cancers. The results were compared with macroscopic and microscopic specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The third- to seventh-order branches of the bronchi were clearly shown in all patients by the designed protocol. CT demonstrated the tumor-bronchus relationship in 29 (96.7%) adenocarcinomas and 13 (76.5%) squamous-cell carcinomas. Statistic analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (chi(2) = 2.8, P > 0.05). (2) The tumor-bronchus relationship was identified as four types with MSCT. Type I: bronchus was obstructed abruptly by the tumor, type II: bronchus penetrated into the tumor with tapered narrowing and interruption, type III: bronchus lumen shown within tumor was patent and intact, type IV: bronchus ran at the periphery of the tumor with intact or narrowed lumen. (3) Type I was shown in 31 of 53 (58.5%) tumors with squamous-cell carcinoma slightly more common than adenocarcinoma. Type II and type III were seen equally in 8 of 53 (15.1%) tumors which occurred only in adenocarcinomas. Type IV was seen in 15 of 53 (28.3%) tumors with adenocarcinoma being slightly more frequent than squamous cell carcinoma. (4) The tumor at the fourth-order bronchus was more common in squamous cell carcinoma, whereas that at the fixth-order bronchus was more likely in adenocarcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Volumetric targeted scan of ultra-thin section with MSCT and followed by MPR, CMPR and SSD reconstruction can greatly improve the manifestation of the bronchioles and accurately demonstrate the patterns of tumor-bronchus relationship, thereby reflecting pathologic changes to some extent.</p>